Síndrome del nevo basocelular: experiencia en un hospital pediátrico / Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: Our Experience in a Pediatric Hospital

El síndrome del nevo basocelular o síndrome de Gorlin es un trastorno hereditario infrecuente, de carácter autosómico dominante, asociado a la mutación del gen PATCHED1. Se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples carcinomas basocelulares y alteraciones óseas, cutáneas, oftalmológicas y neurológicas asociadas. Presentamos 6 pacientes evaluados en nuestro Servicio con diagnóstico de síndrome del nevo basocelular. Entre las manifestaciones observadas se destacan la presencia de hoyuelos palmoplantares en todos los pacientes (100%), carcinomas basocelulares múltiples en 5 pacientes (83%), malformaciones congénitas en 5 sujetos (83%), alteraciones esqueléticas en tres de ellos (50%) y queratoquistes odontógenos en un paciente (17%). Es de nuestro interés hacer hincapié en la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de esta enfermedad, debiendo realizar un seguimiento multidisciplinario a lo largo de toda la vida de estos pacientes (AU)

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) syndrome, or Gorlin syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutations in the patched 1 gene, PTCH1. It is characterized by the presence of multiple BCCs in association with disorders affecting the bones, the skin, the eyes, and the nervous system. We describe 6 cases of nevoid BCC syndrome evaluated in our department. Palmoplantar pitting was observed in all 6 patients, multiple BCCs in 5 patients (83%), skeletal anomalies in3 patients (50%), and odontogenic keratocysts in 1 patient (17%). We would like to stress the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in nevoid BCC syndrome and the need for continuous, long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team (AU)

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: our experience in a pediatric hospital.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) syndrome, or Gorlin syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutations in the patched 1 gene, PTCH1. It is characterized by the presence of multiple BCCs in association with disorders affecting the bones, the skin, the eyes, and the nervous system. We describe 6 cases of nevoid BCC syndrome evaluated in our department. Palmoplantar pitting was observed in all 6 patients, multiple BCCs in 5 patients (83%), skeletal anomalies in 3 patients (50%), and odontogenic keratocysts in 1 patient (17%). We would like to stress the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in nevoid BCC syndrome and the need for continuous, long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary team.

Influence of rearing system, diet and gender on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Polish Landrace pigs.

Forty-eight Polish Landrace pigs (initially 32.43 ± 0.70 kg live weight) were assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in order to assess the effects of the rearing system (outdoor v. indoor), diet (with corn grain silage v. without corn grain silage) and gender (barrows v. gilts) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality and intramuscular collagen (IMC) characteristics. During the trial period of 14 weeks, each group was housed in a pen of 12 m2, and the outdoor-reared animals had access to a paddock of 24 m2. Pigs were fed a diet computed according to standard requirements and supplied on a basis of 9% of metabolic weight (live weight0.75). Pigs were slaughtered at 110.69 ± 0.85 kg. The rearing system did not significantly affect growth, hot and cold dressing, meat quality of m. longissimus lumborum or IMC. Outdoor pigs had less (P < 0.05) backfat thickness, slightly higher (P = 0.082) lean percent and a meat with lower pH and fat than the conventional system. In light of these results, alternative pig rearing systems with indoor space and free outdoor access could be an interesting production system for the pigs. Compared with the pigs fed diets with corn grain silage, those fed diets without corn had higher (P < 0.05) lean, ham percentage and IMC content, lower (P < 0.05) neck percentage but similar main tissue components of the ham and meat quality. Compared with the gilts, barrows were fatter and showed a meat with different physico-chemical traits, which was slightly more tender and had similar IMC properties.

Haga su diagnóstico / Make your diagnosis

El diagnóstico es Pitiriasis liquenoide crónica

Úlceras perianales sobre hemangioma con crecimiento mínimo o detenido segmentario / Perianal Ulcers on a Segmental Hemangioma With Minimal or Arrested Growth

Los hemangiomas con crecimiento mínimo o detenido son un tipo de hemangioma infantil en donde no se observa la fase proliferativa característica de los mismos o esta es menor o igual al 25% de la superficie del hemangioma. Esto lleva a que muchas veces sean confundidos con malformaciones vasculares capilares o incluso que pasen inadvertidos. Es importante conocerlos ya que pueden ulcerarse como lo hacen los hemangiomas infantiles típicos y por lo tanto merecen ser tenidos en cuenta para poder tratarlos en forma adecuada. Presentamos una niña de 3 meses de edad con úlceras perianales de evolución tórpida desde los 20 días de vida. Había recibido múltiples esquemas terapéuticos sin respuesta. En el estudio histopatológico de la úlcera se constató la presencia de un hemangioma infantil, GLUT-1 positivo. Realizó tratamiento con propranolol a 2mg/kg/día y cuidados locales con excelente respuesta (AU)

Hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth are a type of infantile hemangioma in which the proliferative component characteristic of such lesions is not observed or accounts for less than 25% of the surface area of the hemangioma. For this reason, these lesions are frequently confused with capillary vascular malformations or may even go undetected. Awareness of these lesions is, however, important because they can become ulcerated, as occurs with typical infantile hemangiomas. A proper diagnosis is therefore important to enable administration of appropriate treatment. We present the case of a 3-month-old girl with slowly progressing perianal ulcers first detected when she was 20 days old. She had received many different therapies without any response. A pathology study of the ulcer showed a GLUT-1---positive infantile hemangioma. Response to treatment with propranolol 2 mg/kg/d and local wound care was excellent (AU)

Perianal ulcers on a segmental hemangioma with minimal or arrested growth.

Hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth are a type of infantile hemangioma in which the proliferative component characteristic of such lesions is not observed or accounts for less than 25% of the surface area of the hemangioma. For this reason, these lesions are frequently confused with capillary vascular malformations or may even go undetected. Awareness of these lesions is, however, important because they can become ulcerated, as occurs with typical infantile hemangiomas. A proper diagnosis is therefore important to enable administration of appropriate treatment. We present the case of a 3-month-old girl with slowly progressing perianal ulcers first detected when she was 20 days old. She had received many different therapies without any response. A pathology study of the ulcer showed a GLUT-1-positive infantile hemangioma. Response to treatment with propranolol 2mg/kg/d and local wound care was excellent.

[Paraneoplastic pemphigus or paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome. Report of 2 cases in children and a review of the literature]. / Pénfigo paraneoplásico/síndrome multiorgánico autoinmune paraneoplásico. Presentación de dos casos en la edad infantil. Revisión de la literatura.

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with an occult or previously diagnosed tumor. Its clinical, histological, and immunological features have been clearly defined. It is characterized by the presence of polymorphic skin lesions and by erosions of the oral and genital mucosas that are refractory to conventional treatments. The histology can be variable and includes acantholysis or lichenoid dermatitis. Circulating autoantibodies are a constant feature and confirm the diagnosis. We describe 2 girls with paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in one and Castelman disease in the other. Both children had oral and genital lesions that did not respond to conventional treatments. Biopsy revealed acantholysis in one and a lichenoid reaction in the other, and immunoassays confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment of the underlying disease was performed in both cases, together with high-dose corticosteroids for the skin and mucosal lesions. Both patients died due to respiratory failure. We suggest that paraneoplastic pemphigus, although rare in childhood and adolescence, should be included in the differential diagnosis of periorificial erosive dermatitis; this may assist in the detection of an occult neoplasm.

Pénfigo paraneoplásico/síndrome multiorgánico autoinmune paraneoplásico. Presentación de dos casos en la edad infantil. Revisión de la literatura / Paraneoplastic Pemphigus or Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Multiorgan Syndrome. Report of 2 Cases in Children and a Review of the Literature

El pénfigo paraneoplásico es una enfermedad ampollosa autoinmune asociada a una neoplasia oculta o previamente diagnosticada, con manifestaciones clínicas, histológicas e inmunológicas bien definidas. Se caracteriza por erosiones de la mucosa orogenital refractarias a los tratamientos convencionales y la presencia de lesiones cutáneas polimorfas. La histología puede ser variada, con presencia de acantólisis o dermatitis liquenoide. La presencia de anticuerpos circulantes es un hallazgo constante que confirma el diagnóstico. Presentamos dos niñas con pénfigo paraneoplásico asociado a linfoma de Hodgkin y enfermedad de Castleman respectivamente. Presentaban compromiso orogenital refractario a tratamientos convencionales. En la histopatología se observó acantólisis y reacción liquenoide respectivamente. Los estudios inmunológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico. Ambas realizaron tratamiento quimioterápico para su enfermedad de base conjuntamente con altas dosis de corticosteroides para sus lesiones cutáneo-mucosas falleciendo por fallo respiratorio. Es de nuestro interés destacar que si bien es infrecuente la presencia de pénfigo paraneoplásico en la edad infantil y en la adolescencia, debe ser tenido en cuenta entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de las dermatosis erosivas periorificiales facilitando, de esta manera, el hallazgo de una neoplasia oculta (AU)

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with an occult or previously diagnosed tumor. Its clinical, histological, and immunological features have been clearly defined. It is characterized by the presence of polymorphic skin lesions and by erosions of the oral and genital mucosas that are refractory to conventional treatments. The histology can be variable and includes acantholysis or lichenoid dermatitis. Circulating autoantibodies are a constant feature and confirm the diagnosis. We describe 2 girls with paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Hodgkin lymphoma in one and Castelman disease in the other. Both children had oral and genital lesions that did not respond to conventional treatments. Biopsy revealed acantholysis in one and a lichenoid reaction in the other, and immunoassays confirmed the diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment of the underlying disease was performed in both cases, together with high-dose corticosteroids for the skin and mucosal lesions. Both patients died due to respiratory failure. We suggest that paraneoplastic pemphigus, although rare in childhood and adolescence, should be included in the differential diagnosis of periorificial erosive dermatitis; this may assist in the detection of an occult neoplasm (AU)

MRI and neurological findings in macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome: report of ten cases and review of the literature.

MRI and neurological findings in macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome: report of ten cases and review of the literature: We describe the clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 10 children with the Macrocephaly-Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita syndrome (M-CMTC--MIM 602501). This syndrome has recently been delineated within the general group of patients with Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica (CMTC) as a distinct and easily recognisable entity. In contrast to most children with CMTC, patients with M-CMTC syndrome have a high risk of neurological abnormalities, such as hydrocephalus, megalencephaly, developmental delay and mental retardation. An MRI scan showed structural cerebral abnormalities in all of our patients, including megalencephaly, asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres and abnormally increased signal of white matter. Seven patients also had Chiari type I malformation. Reviewing all reported cases, we propose appropriate surveillance for known complications.

Dermatitis atópica: nuestra experiencia en talleres para pedres / Atopic dermatitis: our experience with parental´s workshop education

La Dermatitis Atópica (DA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel, que se presenta más frecuentemente durante la infancia. El prurito intenso y la hiprerreactividad cutánea son los signos cardinales de esta enfermedad. Una complicación muy frecuentemente observada, aunque no siempre tenida en cuenta, es la afección de la vida familiar y de la relación del niño con el medio que lo rodea. Estos pacientes suelen presentar trastornos del sueño, de su conducta, su rendimiento escolar y su relación con los demás, secundarios a la alteración de su descanso, su alimentación y el sentimiento negativo que despiertan sus lesiones cutáneas. Es en la consulta de esta patología frecuente, donde hemos aprendido la importancia del manejo adecuado de las situaciones descriptas para obtener una buena evolución de la enfermedad; asimismo creemos que la salud se logra a través de la prevención y la educación. Con el objetivo de brindarles información correcta sobre esta afección a las familias afectadas, y de conocer cuales son los inconvenientes que esta enfermedad les presenta día a día, hemos organizado Taller para padres de niños con diagnóstico de Dermatitis Atópica. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados obtenidos en los 6 primeros talleres realizados.

Enfermedad de Kawsaki: experiencia de un hospital pediátrico / Kawasaki´s disease: review of cases followed ar one children´s hospital

La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una vasculitis multisistémica febril aguda, que afecta generalmente a niños menores de 5 años, de curso limitado. Se caracteriza por fiebre prolongada, alteraciones cutáneas y mucosas, adenitis cervical y manifestaciones sistémicas, siendo las cardiovasculares las que determinan la morbimortalidad de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y resultados del tratamiento en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de kawasaki evaluados en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan entre agosto de de 1988 y diciembre de 1999. Materiales y métodos: Se hizo un análisis retrospectivo de los datos consignados en las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de kawasaki, internados en nuestro hospital. Se analizaron las características y la frecuencia de los criterios diagnósticos, los hallazgos clínicos asociados, las alteraciones de los exámenes de laboratorio y estudios ecográficos y la respuestas al tratamiento. Resultados: Se evaluaron 100 pacientes, siendo la relación varón/mujer de 1,38/1. La media de edad de los niños estudiados fue de 23 meses (rango 3 meses a 9 años). En cuanto a los criterios diagnósticos, se constato fiebre en el 100% de los pacientes, inyección conjuntival en el 77%, compromiso de la mucosa orofaríngea en el 88%, compromiso de las extremidades en el 89%, exantema en el 95% y compromiso ganglionar en el 68%. Con respectos a las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas se observó compromiso cardiovascular en 39%; gastrointestinal en el 25%; osteoarticular en el 14%; genitourinario en el 12% y neurológico en el 90%. Las alteraciones del laboratorio encontradas incluyeron anemia en el 69% , leucocitosis en el 79% y trombocitosis en el 87%. El 97% de los pacientes recibió tratamiento, gammaglobulina intravenosa y ácido acetil salicílico (vía oral) 66 pacientes, ácido acetil salicílico solamente 29 pacientes y gammaglobulina intravenosa solamente 2 pacientes.

Respiratory complex II defect in siblings associated with a symptomatic secondary block in fatty acid oxidation.

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation pathways have traditionally been considered independent major sources of cellular energy production; however, case reports of patients with specific enzymatic defects in either pathway have suggested the potential for a complex interference between the two. This study documents a new site of interference between the two pathways, a site in respiratory complex II capable of producing clinical signs of a block in fatty acid oxidation and reduced in vitro activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. The initial patient, and later her newborn sibling, had mildly dysmorphic features, lactic acidosis and a defect in mitochondrial respiratory complex II associated with many biochemical features of a block in fatty acid oxidation. Results of in vitro probing of intact fibroblasts from both patients with methyl[2H3]palmitate and L-carnitine revealed greatly increased [2H3]butyrylcarnitine; however, the ratio of dehydrogenase activity with butyryl-CoA with anti-MCAD inactivating antibody (used to reveal SCAD-specific activity) to that with octanoyl-CoA was normal, excluding a selective SCAD or MCAD deficiency. Respiratory complex II was defective in both patients, with an absent thenoyltrifluoroacetone-sensitive succinate Q reductase activity that was partially restored by supplementation with duroquinone. Although secondary, the block in fatty acid oxidation was a major management problem since attempts to provide essential fatty acids precipitated acidotic decompensations. This study reinforces the need to pursue broadly the primary genetic defect within these two pathways, making full use of increasingly available functional and molecular diagnostic tools.